Landmarks of circadian research

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    1729 - de Mairan Experiments

    First circadian experiment in constant conditions; first demonstration of a circadian rhythm by Jacques d’Ortous de Mairan in 1729.

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    1750 - Duhamel Du Monceau

    Circadian rhythms are independent of external cycles.

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    1900 - De Candolle and Richter

    (1900 - 1943) Circadian rhythms are endogenous and innate.

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    1932 - Bünning

    Establishment of circadian rhythm heritability.

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    1948 - Pohl

    Circadian rhythm is property of single cells.

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    1953 - International Conference of the Society for Biological Rhythms Research

    Fourth International Conference of the Society for Biological Rhythms Research (Internationale Gesellschaft für Biologische Rhythmusforschung) Basel, 1953.

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    1954 - Pittendrigh

    The period of the circadian clock is temperature compensated.

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    1957 - Pittendrigh

    A special collection of papers authored by Colin Pittendrigh.

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    1958 - Discovery of melatonin

    Melatonin was discovered by Aaron Lerner.

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    1960 - Coldspring Spring Harbor Meeting

    The first Coldspring Harbor Symposium on biological clocks.
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    1962 - Aschoff and Wever

    Discovery of the human circadian clock in temporal isolation.
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    1963 - The Aschoff Collection

    A special collection of papers authored by Jürgen Aschoff.

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    1963 - The Wever Collection

    A special collection of papers authored by Rütger Wever.

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    1967 - Aschoff and Wever

    Different circadian rhythms ca run independently in humans (internal desynchronization).
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    1971 - Konopka and Benzer

    (1971-1973) Discovery of first clock mutants in Flies.
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    1971 - Clock mutants in fungi

    (1971-1973) Discovery of first clock mutants in fungi.
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    1972 - Moore et al., Stephan et al.

    Anatomical description of circadian pacemaker centres in the mammalian suprachiasmatic nuclei.
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    1976 - Andechs Meeting

    (1976-1980) Meeting on Human Circadian Rhythms organised by Jürgen Aschoff in Schloss Erling-Andechs, Max Planck Institut für Verhaltensphysiologie.

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    1976 - Pittendrigh and Daan

    (1976-1980) Comprehensive description of circadian formalisms.
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    1979 - Zimmerman and Menaker

    First pacemaker Transplants (Pineal Gland).
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    1980 - Ringberg Castle Meeting

    Meeting at Ringberg Castle organised by Jürgen Aschoff.

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    1986 - Prokaryotic Clock

    Circadian clock identified in a prokaryote.
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    1990 - Negative feedback hypothesis

    Negative feedback machanism proposed as the molecular mechanism that generates circadian rhythmicity.
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    1990-1993 - Multiple landmarks

    Circadian rhythms is the periphery.
    Expansion of known clock genes.
    Non-visual light reception shown followed by melanopsin identification.
    First clock gene is identified in Arabidopsis Thaliana
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    1991 - Aschoff's Rule

    A short history of Aschoff's Rule.

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    1993 - 

    Circadian clocks found at the level of single pacemaker cells. Internal desynchronization of two rhythms in one cell.
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    1994 - CLOCK mouse mutant

    Mamalian clock mouse mutant is created. Molecular mechanisms of light resetting described.
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    2001 - Cyclic transcriptome

    (2001-2002) Publication of cyclic transcriptome.
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    2005 - Circadian rhythm in a tube

    Reconstruction of Cyanobacteria circadian rhythm in a tube.
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    2008 - Naila Ramji's thesis

    Probing Biology's Fourth Dimension: Chronobiology in America, 1960-2007.

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    2010 - Chronohistory review papers

    Serge Daan publishes history of chronobiological concepts and how rhythms entered sleep research.

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    2010 - Martin Zatz, Editor

    Journal of Biological Rhythms: the complete editorials and letters.

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